脫硫率99.8%+零稀釋！沼氣提純核心揭秘，讓廢料變綠色能源

　　99.8% desulfurization rate+zero dilution! Core of biogas purification revealed, turning waste into green energy

　　提到沼氣，很多人只知道它能用來做飯、取暖，卻不知道經(jīng)過專業(yè)提純，它能搖身一變成為高純度生物天然氣，廣泛用于工業(yè)、管網(wǎng)供氣等場景，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)“變廢為寶”。而沼氣提純的核心關(guān)鍵，就是去除其中的硫化氫——這種氣體不僅有劇毒、腐蝕性極強(qiáng)，會損壞設(shè)備、縮短使用壽命，燃燒后還會污染環(huán)境，達(dá)不到國家排放要求。今天就用大白話+實(shí)打?qū)嵉臄?shù)據(jù)，嘮透沼氣提純的完整流程，重點(diǎn)拆解沼氣脫硫工藝的核心優(yōu)勢，不管是行業(yè)從業(yè)者參考，還是單純好奇，看完都能徹底搞懂，原來沼氣提純既環(huán)保又省錢，還能創(chuàng)造額外收益。

　　When it comes to biogas, many people only know that it can be used for cooking and heating, but they do not know that after professional purification, it can be transformed into high-purity biogas, which is widely used in industries, pipeline gas supply and other scenarios, truly realizing the "turning waste into treasure". The core key to biogas purification is to remove hydrogen sulfide from it - this gas is not only highly toxic and corrosive, but also can damage equipment, shorten service life, and pollute the environment after combustion, failing to meet national emission requirements. Today, using plain language and concrete data, we will explain the complete process of biogas purification, with a focus on dismantling the core advantages of biogas desulfurization technology. Whether it is for industry practitioners to refer to or simply curious, after reading it, we can thoroughly understand that biogas purification is both environmentally friendly and cost-effective, and can also create additional benefits.

　　先給大家科普一組關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)：未經(jīng)提純的沼氣，主要成分是甲烷（約50%-60%）、二氧化碳（約35%-45%），還有濃度可達(dá)1000-5000ppm的硫化氫，而國家環(huán)保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)明確規(guī)定，沼氣利用時(shí)，硫化氫含量不得超過20mg/m?。想要讓沼氣達(dá)標(biāo)利用，就必須通過高效脫硫工藝去除硫化氫，而沼氣脫硫工藝，就是目前業(yè)內(nèi)成熟、環(huán)保且低成本的首選方案，它屬于生物脫硫工藝，全程不用復(fù)雜化學(xué)試劑，靠脫硫細(xì)菌就能完成硫化氫去除，無二次污染。

　　First, let me introduce a set of key data: unpurified biogas, mainly composed of methane (about 50% -60%), carbon dioxide (about 35% -45%), and hydrogen sulfide with a concentration of up to 1000-5000ppm. The national environmental protection standards clearly stipulate that the hydrogen sulfide content should not exceed 20mg/m when using biogas?. To achieve the standard utilization of biogas, it is necessary to remove hydrogen sulfide through efficient desulfurization technology. Biogas desulfurization technology is currently the mature, environmentally friendly, and low-cost preferred solution in the industry. It belongs to the biological desulfurization process, which does not require complex chemical reagents throughout the process and can be completely removed by desulfurization bacteria without secondary pollution.

　　沼氣脫硫工藝的核心，就是“三階段閉環(huán)運(yùn)行”，全程自動化操作，不用人工過多干預(yù)，運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性達(dá)99.7%，每年故障次數(shù)不超過1次，后期維護(hù)成本極低，而且能節(jié)省大量苛性堿成本，相比傳統(tǒng)脫硫工藝，苛性堿消耗減少70%以上，長期使用性價(jià)比拉滿。

　　The core of the biogas desulfurization process is the "three-stage closed-loop operation", which operates automatically throughout the process without excessive manual intervention. The stability of the operation reaches 99.7%, and the number of failures per year does not exceed one. The maintenance cost in the later stage is extremely low, and it can save a lot of caustic alkali costs. Compared with traditional desulfurization processes, caustic alkali consumption is reduced by more than 70%, and the long-term cost-effectiveness is maximized.

　　第一階段是吸收區(qū)凈化，相當(dāng)于硫化氫的“分離環(huán)節(jié)”。富含硫化氫的沼氣（濃度最高可達(dá)5000ppm）進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)后，會向上流經(jīng)吸收塔，與此同時(shí)，專用洗滌液會從生物反應(yīng)器被泵送到吸收塔頂部，均勻噴灑在填料上——填料的特殊設(shè)計(jì)能讓洗滌液和沼氣充分接觸，接觸效率達(dá)98.6%以上。這套工藝使用的洗滌液是堿性碳酸氫鹽溶液，通過吸收塔內(nèi)的物理、化學(xué)反應(yīng)，沼氣中的硫化氫會快速溶解到洗滌液中，而凈化后的沼氣會向上流動，從吸收塔頂部出口排出，此時(shí)硫化氫去除率已達(dá)99%以上，且全程沒有空氣進(jìn)入，不會稀釋沼氣，甲烷損失率＜0.5%，最大程度保留沼氣的熱值和純度。這里要注意，這個(gè)階段的脫硫細(xì)菌不參與反應(yīng)，只負(fù)責(zé)輔助分離硫元素，最后會隨著富含硫化氫的洗滌液，聚集在吸收塔底部。

　　The first stage is the purification of the absorption zone, which is equivalent to the "separation stage" of hydrogen sulfide. After entering the system, biogas rich in hydrogen sulfide (with a concentration of up to 5000ppm) will flow upward through the absorption tower. At the same time, a dedicated washing solution will be pumped from the bioreactor to the top of the absorption tower and evenly sprayed on the packing material - the special design of the packing material allows the washing solution and biogas to fully contact, with a contact efficiency of over 98.6%. The washing solution used in this process is an alkaline bicarbonate solution. Through physical and chemical reactions inside the absorption tower, hydrogen sulfide in the biogas will quickly dissolve into the washing solution. The purified biogas will flow upward and be discharged from the top outlet of the absorption tower. At this point, the hydrogen sulfide removal rate has reached over 99%, and there is no air entering the entire process, which will not dilute the biogas. The methane loss rate is less than 0.5%, maximizing the retention of the calorific value and purity of the biogas. It should be noted that the desulfurization bacteria at this stage do not participate in the reaction and are only responsible for assisting in the separation of sulfur elements. Eventually, they will gather at the bottom of the absorption tower with the washing solution rich in hydrogen sulfide.

　　第二階段是生物反應(yīng)器再生，也是整套工藝的“核心省錢環(huán)節(jié)”。吸收塔底部富集了硫化物的洗滌液，會通過專用泵輸送到生物反應(yīng)器中，系統(tǒng)會向反應(yīng)器內(nèi)引入適量空氣，精準(zhǔn)控制空氣量為每立方米溶液0.9-1.1立方米，幫助脫硫細(xì)菌將硫化物轉(zhuǎn)化為單質(zhì)硫。無數(shù)脫硫細(xì)菌會“消耗”液體中的硫化物，然后排泄出單質(zhì)硫，這種單質(zhì)硫是親水性的，不會附著在設(shè)備內(nèi)壁，能徹底避免系統(tǒng)堵塞，解決了傳統(tǒng)脫硫工藝頻繁堵管、維護(hù)麻煩的痛點(diǎn)，設(shè)備連續(xù)無故障運(yùn)行時(shí)間可達(dá)8000小時(shí)以上。

　　The second stage is bioreactor regeneration, which is also the "core cost saving link" of the entire process. The washing solution enriched with sulfides at the bottom of the absorption tower will be transported to the bioreactor through a dedicated pump. The system will introduce an appropriate amount of air into the reactor, accurately controlling the air volume to be 0.9-1.1 cubic meters per cubic meter of solution, to help desulfurization bacteria convert sulfides into elemental sulfur. Countless desulfurization bacteria will "consume" sulfides in the liquid, and then excrete elemental sulfur. This elemental sulfur is hydrophilic and will not adhere to the inner wall of the equipment, which can completely avoid system blockage and solve the pain points of frequent pipe blockage and maintenance problems in traditional desulfurization processes. The equipment can operate continuously without faults for more than 8000 hours.

　　等細(xì)菌完成轉(zhuǎn)化，洗滌液就實(shí)現(xiàn)了再生，純度恢復(fù)到初始狀態(tài)，會再次被泵送到吸收塔頂部，進(jìn)入下一個(gè)循環(huán)，洗滌液循環(huán)利用率達(dá)96.5%以上，不用頻繁補(bǔ)充新的洗滌液，進(jìn)一步降低了使用成本，這也是相比傳統(tǒng)工藝最核心的優(yōu)勢之一。

　　After the bacteria complete the transformation, the washing solution is regenerated and the purity is restored to its initial state. It will be pumped again to the top of the absorption tower and enter the next cycle. The utilization rate of the washing solution is over 96.5%, and there is no need to frequently replenish new washing solution, further reducing the cost of use. This is also one of the core advantages compared to traditional processes.

　　第三階段是沉降分離，實(shí)現(xiàn)硫的回收再利用，真正做到“變廢為寶”。一部分再生后的洗滌液，會被分離出來并泵送到重力沉降器中，生物硫會在沉降器中濃縮，最終形成含10%-15%單質(zhì)硫的淤渣，以流淤渣的形式離開系統(tǒng)。沉降器的溢流液會重新回到系統(tǒng)中重復(fù)使用，沉降效率達(dá)99%，不會造成資源浪費(fèi)，沉淀區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)表面負(fù)荷≥7m?/m?·h，確保沉降徹底。

　　The third stage is sedimentation separation to achieve the recovery and reuse of sulfur, truly achieving the goal of "turning waste into treasure". A portion of the regenerated washing solution will be separated and pumped to the gravity settler, where the biological sulfur will be concentrated to form a sludge containing 10% -15% elemental sulfur, which will leave the system in the form of flowing sludge. The overflow liquid from the settling device will be reused in the system, with a settling efficiency of 99% and no waste of resources. The designed surface load of the settling zone is ≥ 7m?/m? ·h. Ensure thorough settlement.

　　很多人會問，分離出來的硫淤渣有用嗎？當(dāng)然有用！這些生物硫淤渣經(jīng)過簡單處理后，能制成傳染性極強(qiáng)的液體懸浮殺菌劑，或是農(nóng)業(yè)肥料的硫組分，廣泛用于農(nóng)業(yè)和化工領(lǐng)域，按重量計(jì)算，淤渣中硫的含量可達(dá)58%-75%，回收利用價(jià)值可觀，進(jìn)一步提升了沼氣提純的綜合收益。

　　Many people may ask, is the separated sulfur sludge useful? Of course it's useful! After simple treatment, these biological sulfur sludge can be made into highly infectious liquid suspension fungicides or sulfur components of agricultural fertilizers, which are widely used in agriculture and chemical fields. By weight, the sulfur content in the sludge can reach 58% -75%, and the recycling value is considerable, further improving the comprehensive benefits of biogas purification.

　　補(bǔ)充幾組實(shí)打?qū)嵉臄?shù)據(jù)，讓大家更直觀了解的優(yōu)勢：整套工藝硫化氫去除率可達(dá)99.8%以上，能將沼氣中的硫化氫濃度從5000ppm降至10ppm以下，完全滿足國家較高的氣體排放要求；脫硫后的沼氣，再經(jīng)過膜分離等后續(xù)提純工藝，甲烷純度能提升至95%-99%，完全滿足CNG/管網(wǎng)等相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；綜合能耗＜0.35kWh/Nm?天然氣，相比傳統(tǒng)工藝節(jié)能30%以上；整套系統(tǒng)可實(shí)現(xiàn)模塊化、集裝箱式設(shè)計(jì)，占地空間小，安裝時(shí)間短，適配養(yǎng)殖場、垃圾處理廠等各類沼氣產(chǎn)生場景。

　　Adding a few sets of actual data to provide a more intuitive understanding of the advantages: the entire process can achieve a hydrogen sulfide removal rate of over 99.8%, and can reduce the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in biogas from 5000ppm to below 10ppm, fully meeting the country's high gas emission requirements; After desulfurization, the methane purity can be increased to 95% -99% through subsequent purification processes such as membrane separation, fully meeting relevant standards such as CNG/pipeline network; Comprehensive energy consumption<0.35kWh/Nm? Natural gas saves more than 30% energy compared to traditional processes; The entire system can achieve modular and containerized design, with small footprint and short installation time, suitable for various biogas production scenarios such as breeding farms and waste treatment plants.

　　總結(jié)來說，沼氣提純的核心的是脫硫，而沼氣脫硫工藝，用“三階段閉環(huán)”模式，既高效去除了硫化氫，又實(shí)現(xiàn)了洗滌液循環(huán)利用和硫資源回收，環(huán)保、省錢、高效，還能保證凈化后的沼氣不被氧氣稀釋，是綠色能源的理想來源。它不僅解決了沼氣利用的環(huán)保痛點(diǎn)，還能讓農(nóng)業(yè)秸稈、畜禽糞便等廢棄物得以充分利用，減少環(huán)境污染，契合雙碳理念，不管是大規(guī)模工業(yè)提純，還是中小型養(yǎng)殖場自用提純，都是性價(jià)比極高的選擇，真正讓“廢料”變成了“寶貝”。

　　In summary, the core of biogas purification is desulfurization, and the biogas desulfurization process, using a "three-stage closed-loop" mode, not only efficiently removes hydrogen sulfide, but also realizes the recycling of washing solution and sulfur resources, which is environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and efficient. It also ensures that the purified biogas is not diluted by oxygen, making it an ideal source of green energy. It not only solves the environmental pain points of biogas utilization, but also enables the full utilization of agricultural straw, livestock manure and other waste, reduces environmental pollution, and conforms to the dual carbon concept. Whether it is large-scale industrial purification or self purification of small and medium-sized breeding farms, it is a cost-effective choice, truly turning "waste" into "treasure".